Project Proposal for Ministry of Trade Web Portal

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR MINISTRY OF TRADE WEB PORTAL PRESENTED BY: RAHAB WAMBUI KIARIE REG NO: SP13/20526/08 COURSE CODE: COMP 402 PRESENTED TO: MR. OMWOYO SUBMISSION TIME: OCTOBER 2011 A project proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science of Egerton University. Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 CHAPTER ONE: 1. 0 INTRODUCTION4 1. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT4 1. 2 OBJECTIVES5 CHAPTER TWO: 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW5 2. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM6 STARNDARD REQUIREMENT6 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT6 3. 1) HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS6 3. 1. 1) APPLICATION PROGRAM6 3. 1. 2 Operating System6 CHAPTER FOUR: 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS7 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET8 4. 1. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE8 4. 1. 2 PROJECT BUDGET9 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES10 ? ABSTRACT As envisaged in Kenya’s vision 2030, trade will be one of the key sectors to drive economic development of our country. The sector is the link between consumption and production within the economy and contributes towards the employment and wealth creation.There are tremendous potentials for trade to play a central role in driving and sustaining growth and poverty reduction in Kenya. The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), cuts across all sectors of the Kenyan economy but face various development challenges like overreliance on agriculture which mainly depends on unpredictable weather, underdevelopment of Information, Communication and Technology and lack of market information of local goods both locally and internationally.This project will provide a solution to investors and MSMEs by providing information on the various investment opportunities available in Kenya apart from agriculture, know about the various trade policies to avoid unfair trade and also provide a platform where local companies can upload their company profiles and the ministry promotes their products at trade fairs at an international level. CHAPTER ONE: 1. 0 INTRODUCTIONThe Ministry of Trade†™s current mandate is: Trade development policy; Development of micro and small business; Fair trade practices and consumer protection; Private sector development and international trade affairs. The ministry will champion the promotion of both domestic and foreign trade through creation of an enabling business and investment environment as highlighted in this project proposal. The purpose of this proposal is to explain in detail the aim of the project, the methods used in the implementation of the system, scope of the system and budget and time schedule for the implementation of the project.It begins with the introduction which introduces the system to be developed. The next part is the problem statement, the literature review, the scope of the system and the requirements for the system. In the scope of the system we have the system functionalities and its limitations. Since the system is to be developed within a located time frame and budget constraint, it is imperative that the proposal also contains the budget and time schedule. This explains the time schedule for the system and also the budget for the system. . 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Kenya trade industry faces a number of challenges: unsound business regulatory framework leading to multiple licensing and heavy or cumbersome regulations for SMEs which in turn leads to high cost of business transactions; Lack of comprehensive trade information on the existing and emerging markets to investors and SMEs. Lack of sound business managerial skills and exposure to international best business practices has hampered the growth of the MSE sector.To overcome the problem a system needs to be developed with the springboard objective of providing Kenyans with a centralized location where they can get trade information and thus lead to economic growth and realization of vision 2030. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES 1. To develop a successful Ministry of Trade web portal 2. To identify conditions for successful implementation of a new impr oved system. 3. To enhance access of trade information to Kenyans. CHAPTER TWO: 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEWHaving collected information on the ministry of trade I was able to define the main drawbacks associated with the services of the industry. Information sharing between the ministry and the business people is not easy. Enormous opportunities exist in the domestic, regional and international markets. These opportunities should be fully exploited through the systematic promotion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and providing information to them.It is crucial to note that as trade becomes free and global, technological innovations will become increasingly important, offering consumers more and more options at cheaper prices in the country and all over the globe. With this system in place all the requests for trade information, will be available to recipients at any given time. Therefore potential users’ are:- oInvestors both local and international. oConsumers. oOt her ministries in the government that work closely with ministry of trade. oOwners of small and medium sized businesses. 2. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM The web portal will aid in the availing all the details of the trade industry. It will, as its name suggests, be place where the ministry can interact with the general public on matters pertaining its mode of operation. There are several issues about the system’s scope. STARNDARD REQUIREMENT The requirements include the following: 1. Computers 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 3. 1) Hardware requirements ?Processor – Pentium IV with 2. 0 GHz or higher ?Memory – 1GB of RAM or more ?Hard Disk size – 320 GB for host, 20 GB for client 3. 1. ) Application program Programming: PHP and JavaScript, Database design: MySQL, Interface: Macromedia Dream weaver, Macromedia fireworks, Macromedia Flash, Web browsers: Mozilla Firefox, Internet explorer, Web server: Apache, System: Linux and Windows. 3. 1. 2 Operating System ?Windows XP (32 -bit), Vista(32 – 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32 – 64-bit) ? Linux CHAPTER FOUR: 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The program development process will involve a number of steps as shown in the flow diagram below: 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET 4. 1. 1 Project scheduleMinistry of Trade web portal is a large project that can be accomplished in a period of six months which equates to two semesters. The initial loading of the system with data takes place at the commissioning of the system. A complete schedule is as below. Period/TimeActivityDescription November 2011 Acquisition of use ¬ful Resources. This involves collecting the useful facts from the ministry of Trade November 2011Databases Design Building individual databases, tables and individual record sets and loading with sample test data. December 2011 o January 2012Defining Record setsInvolves defining relations of data within various databases and means of accessing them February 2012Creating a Graphi ¬cal User Interface Involves creating user inter ¬face that users of the system will use to search for information March 2012TestingInvolves testing the system with sample data and correcting any anomalies especially in the database design if any. April 2012Loading DatabasesInvolves clearing databases with test data and loading with actual data. May 2012Commissioning the System This involves deployment of the system, hosting it so that it can be accessed by anybody.Table 1) Project schedule 4. 1. 2 PROJECT BUDGET PARTICULARSQUANTITYUNIT PRICE (Kshs)TOTAL COST(Kshs) 1Transport 5000 2Storage devices flash drive, CDs2 GB Flash Drive 2 Compact Disks 1,000 252,000 50 3Printing expenses1000 4Stationery2 A4 Books 2 pens 100 25200 50 5Computer Machine and softwareAvailable but limited 6Internet costs 2000 7Airtime6000 TOTALKshs 16,300 Table 2) project budget 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES ?Ministry of Trade Strategic Plan 2008-2012. ?Hawryszkiewycz, I. (1998), Introduction to System Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, A ustralia.

Cloud and Clouds Reference

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region III Division of Bulacan District of Plaridel Sto Nino Elementary School Sto Nino, Plaridel, Bulacan A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE AND HEALTH IV I. Objectives A. Name the different types of clouds. B. Describe each type of clouds according to appearance. C. State some ways in preparing for a bad weather. II. Subject Matter â€Å"Types of Clouds† Reference: Science and health IV by Jessie Villegas p. 187 Materials: puzzle, pictures Vocabulary: Clouds, Cirrus, Stratus, Cumulus, and NimbusScience Concept: The different types of clouds are cirrus clouds, stratus clouds, cumulus clouds, and nimbus clouds. Science Processes: Observing, Inferring, Comparing, Communicating Infusion of Values: As students we need to prepared umbrellas and rain coats to get ready for the bad weather. III. Procedure Teacher’s ActivityPupils Activity A. Preparatory Activity 1. Daily Routine Prayer Greetings Checking of attendance 2. Revi ew Yesterday we talked about weather Yes, Ma’am and it’s elements, right? Ok, Now what is weather? Weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and lace. Very Good! Ok, let’s give him a Very Good Clap! (Pupils doing the Very Good clap) 3. Motivation Class I will teach you a song entitled â€Å"Did you ever see a cloud† I want you all to sing, but I will sing first and you will go next! Ok! â€Å"DID YOU EVER SEE A CLOUD† Did you ever see a cloud A cloud a cloud Did you ever see a cloud That looked like a bear A big one, a little one A lazy one, a funny Did you ever see a cloud That looked like a bear? Did you ever see a cloud A cloud a cloud Did you ever see a cloud That looked like a plane A big one, a little one A fast one, a slow oneDid you ever see a cloud That looked like a plane? OK class, it’s your turn now. Sing! (students are singing) VERY GOOD! You all sang great! What is the title of the song? The title o f the song is â€Å"Did you ever see a cloud? † Very Good! What is the song all about? It’s all about clouds. Yes! Correct it’s all about clouds. Have you seen a clouds that looked like a bear? No, ma’am but I’ve seen a clouds that looked like a cotton candy. B. Activity Proper Now I will divide you in four groups, I have here a puzzle and I want you to solve these. Each group will have a leader and after olving the puzzle the leader will stand in front to explain the image that they get. Ok let’s start! (the teacher is giving them the puzzle)(The students are doing the activity) Finished! Let’s start with group one. OH, it’s cirrus clouds image, what can you say about this picture? (The leader is explaining her/his observation about the picture) Very Good! Next group You got stratus clouds image Explain. (The leader is explaining her/his observation about the picture) Very Good! Third group with cumulus clouds Image. (The lead er is explaining her/his observation about the picture) Very Good!The last one, ok what can you say about nimbus clouds? (The leader is explaining her/his observation about the picture) Very Good! You observed very well C. Concept Formation Based on our activity, what do you think will be our lesson for today? It’s all about clouds. Clouds are recognized and named for their shapes. Meaning, clouds get their names according to their shapes. The different types of clouds are cirrus clouds, stratus clouds, cumulus clouds, and nimbus clouds. Ok let’s start with Cirrus clouds, (The teacher will show a picture of cirrus clouds) How will you describe cirrus clouds?Cirrus clouds are thin and feather-like. Yes it is, as you can see in the picture the lower part of the clouds looks like a feathers of a bird. Cirrus clouds are the highest of all clouds. And Cirrus means â€Å"curl of hair†. Observe clearly the lower part of the clouds looks like curly hairs. What clouds is said to be the highest of all clouds? Cirrus clouds are the highest of all clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin and feather-like. What is the meaning of cirrus? Cirrus means â€Å"curl of hair† Very Good! Next is Stratus clouds. (The teacher will show a picture of stratus clouds) How will you describe stratus clouds?Stratus clouds are flat layers. Very Good! Stratus means â€Å"sheetlike†. As you can observe, these clouds looks like pieces of papers floating in the air. Stratus clouds are flat layers often seen close to the horizon in the early hours of the day. They frequently appear several hours before a steady rain. What is the meaning of stratus? Stratus means â€Å"sheetlike† Next is Cumulus clouds (The teacher will show a picture of cumulus clouds) Look at the picture, how will you describe cumulus clouds? Cumulus clouds are thick and mountain-like. Cumulus clouds are often seen on a hot summer ay as a fluffy balls of cotton in the sky. Have you seen these clo uds during your summer vacation? Yes ma’am Cumulus means â€Å"pile† or â€Å"heap†. As you can see a large number of clouds lying on top of one another, that’s why it is called cumulus. Cumulus clouds are thick and mountain-like. What is the meaning of cumulus? Cumulus means â€Å"pile† or â€Å"heap†. Last is Nimbus clouds. (The teacher will show a picture of stratus clouds) How will you describe nimbus clouds? Nimbus clouds are dull gray in color. Nimbus means â€Å"rain† Nimbus clouds are dull gray in color. They often extend unbroken over a wide area.They are the rain clouds. What is the meaning of nimbus? Nimbus means â€Å"rain† D. Generalization What ere the different types of clouds? The different types of clouds are cirrus clouds, stratus clouds, cumulus clouds and nimbus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin and feather-like. Stratus clouds are flat layers often seen close to the horizon in the early hours of the day. Cumul us clouds are thick and mountain- like. Nimbus clouds are dull gray in color. E. Application (I will divide you class in four groups, each group will be given a jumbled letters to solve. When done he leaders will put the answers on the space provided in front) Arrange the jumbled letters to get the answer. (The students are doing the activity) 1. SURATTS DSCLUO are flat layers often seen close to the horizon in the early hours of the day. 2. BUSNMI DSOULC ARE DULL GRAY IN COLOR. They often extend unbroken over a wide area. 3. SLUMUUC OULDSC are thick and mountain-like. They often seen on a hot summer day as fluffy balls of cotton in the sky. 4. SCIURR DCSOUL are thin and feather-like. They are the highest of all clouds. F. Infusion of Values As a student what things are going to prepare when ou noticed that the clouds are turning dark? As students we need to prepare umbrellas and rain coatsfor the bad weather. IV. Evaluation Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the st atement is not correct. 1. Clouds are recognized and named for their shapes. 2. Nimbus clouds are dull gray in color. 3. Stratus means â€Å"pile† or â€Å"heap† 4. Cumulus clouds are thin and feather-like. 5. Nimbus means â€Å"rain† V. Assignment 1. How are clouds formed? 2. What is cloud cover? | Prepared by: MARIEL A. MIGUEL BEED IV-B LU ANN L. RAMOS Cooperating Teacher ESMERALDO M. TRINIDAD JR. Coordinating Principal

Early Release as an Apparent Catalyst for Social Upheaval Research Proposal

Early Release as an Apparent Catalyst for Social Upheaval - Research Proposal Example To further the research, the detrimental aspects of such laws were given so as to prove that there is a remarked disadvantageous consequence to such policies. As such, the over-all thrust of this paper is to illustrate how a justified evolution in systemic process has invariably led to a degenerative movement of the society. Yours Sincerely, __________________________ __________________________ Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Coming of the Modern Times: Evolution in the Criminal Justice System 4 The UK Experience: Early Release Program of Prisoners 4 Criminal Justice Act of 1991 5 Short-Term Prisoner 5 Long-Term Prisoner 5 Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 5 Anti-Social Behavior Orders (ASBO) 5 Criminal Justice Act of 2003 6 Court and Police Procedure Reform 6 New Guidelines in Trials without Jury 6 Rules in Criminal Evidence 6 Procedural Amendments in Sentencing Detriments to Early Release Program of Prisoners 6 Social Stigma 6 Complex and Restrictive After-Release Arrangement 7 Divergent Implementation Procedure of After-Release Policies 7 Failure of Reformation 7 Evolution of the Criminal Justice System 7 UK Key Determinants: Crime Rate 7 Tables 7 1: World Ranking of Countries with the Most Number of Violent Crimes 8 2: British Crime Survey – 2008/09 9 3: Police Recorded Crime – 2008/09 10 4: Trends in BCS Violent Crime By Type of Violence, 1995 to 2008/09 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Executive Summary The United Kingdom has afforded the implementation of legislative enactments focusing on the re-integration of unlawful offenders into the mainstream society through the Criminal Justice Act of 1991, the Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 and the Criminal Justice Act of 2003. These laws have underscored the significance and viable contribution that an early-release of prisoners would generate into the well-being of the nation. However, factors such as the alarming prognosis set by the UK crime rate after the implementation of said rules have presented the idea that the early release of prisoners may not actually be a step towards the development of the society. In fact, the enactment of the mentioned laws may actually be construed as a movement towards the generation of an otherwise functional community. In this regard, this paper seeks to establish the detrimental consequences associated with an early release program of prisoners. This paper will provide a summation of the societal implication of advocating such reform in criminal justice by assessing the English social systemic make up and its concomitant response to such development. Over all, this paper will show how a perceived progressive stance is invariably paralleled to a regressive step leading to the collapse of an otherwise competent nation. Introduction In 1944, a year prior to the enactment of the United Nations of its charter espousing the abolition of racism, George Junius Stinney, a fourteen year-old black boy was executed in South Carolina (Taylor, 2011; Bydoon, 2010). In 1979, a mentally-ill man named John Paul Penry was condemned to suffer the death penalty (Orecklin, 2000). In 2006, four days after his 76th birthday and four months after a near-fatal heart

The Role of the Manager in a Company Research Paper - 1

The Role of the Manager in a Company - Research Paper Example The managers are expected to be agile and adaptive and perform in a more involved manner. The functions of the managers are also extended to participation in the implementation of strategies rather than only formulating the strategies. To perform their functions effectively in the modern day businesses, managers have to achieve three main managerial skills which are communication and interpersonal skills, technical skills, decision making and conceptual skills. The managers are significant influencers of the macro environment within an organization. Therefore, they also actively influence the ethical environment within an organization. The managers in modern businesses have to be ethical leaders who would lead the employees in an ethically compliant and value adding manner. The thinking and behavior of a manager directly influences the work environment. An ethical manager helps to build ethically sensitive employees. On the other hand, a manager following unethical disciplines will create a workforce that would be insensitive to ethical factors. Demonstrating self-controlled decision making on the part of the mangers may lead to loss of trust and compliance among the employees and significantly impact the ethical environment. Managers need to have key competencies and skills in order to steer the organization in the right direction. Performing in an ethical manner is one of the pre requisites in the global business environment. The three r oles of managers which are interpersonal roles, decisional roles and informational roles should be performed in an ethical manner to ensure that an ethical environment is created within the organization. Strategic planning involves a set of processes that are devised to make key decisions regarding the long term strategies and goals of an organization.  

Investigate the available technologies and benefits of Environmentally Research Paper

Investigate the available technologies and benefits of Environmentally Friendly Offices - Research Paper Example Facing this dilemma we have to find a green source of energy that can help to reduce the usage of the gas turbines without affecting the operations of the factories (Pacific Controls, 2013). UAE being highly populated and with the emergence of a large number of businesses, the region is looking seriously towards alternate energy plans. Industries, factories and offices all are heading up with efficient ways of acquiring and producing electricity. The trend is towards alternate energy systems because of the rising prices of oil and petroleum constraining businesses to adapt the alternate plans of energy production (Pacific Controls, 2013). UAE upholds outstanding trend in alternate energy production and acquisition. The high rise building systems, the factories, the inventory lots and the massively spread production houses all are allocating alternate energy systems. The trend is actually inviting international allocators to bring direct energy solutions. To make power a green resourc e for businesses, with high efficiency and productivity the allocators are working on the alternate energy systems to come out responsive to the current market trend (Bachellerie, 2012). ... Aim To study the Viewed technology that can provide a green source of energy and investigate the feasibility of applying the Green offices that operate with a source of energy that is environmental friendly. Objectives To analyze the trend of the UAE market in construction of the environmental friendly offices applying the concepts of alternate energy. To identify the Viewed and the possible alternate energy solutions for green office construction. To identify the most feasible and economic energy solution for green office construction Research Methodology In order to find more information a research of the latest technology will be conducted to find the most effective and suitable ways of turning the offices to be environmental friendly. There are many organizations and companies specialized in providing green solutions, which can be contacted to provide advices and help to implement their ideas. Taking the suggestions of the specialists can hand out to the most effective energy sol ution. This is the initial phase of the research in which understanding of the UAE market with respect to environmental friendly office will be made. Offices, which are on allocating alternate or renewable energy plans, will be brought to assessment. The analysis of the market will identify the possible alternate energy solutions, out of which the best solution with respect to green offices will be proposed and recommended. On further, will explicate the experiences of the companies and organizations have implemented similar projects. Their experience can give a clear idea of how to install and what are the problems that can appear while and after finishing the

PM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PM - Essay Example The use of the internet is an important source of information in our daily lives. The nurses in Pleasant Manor center would therefore be able to research and gain more knowledge about the various nursing interventions. This would boost the level of service delivery of the nurses to the patients. With technological developments worldwide, a patient’s medical history can be found in through shared government websites. Access to such previous information would assist the nurses to make relevant diagnosis hence correct nursing interventions. Moreover, the use of computers connected to the internet assist in the storage of files and their retrieval. As opposed to the traditional shelving of files, the storage and retrieval of information is made easier because computer files are easier to access (Locsin, 2001). This has resulted to efficiency and reduction of workers hence reduction of expenses. An aberrometer is a device that is used in the checking of the eye defects. This latest technology allows a keen analysis of the eye parts hence unexpected occurrences are identified at an early stage. The use of this technology by Pleasant Manor would boost efficiency in its eye treatment wing thus resulting to patient satisfaction. Apart from the common gym equipment such as weight plates, properly leveled benches, leg machines, etc. Pleasant Manor should introduce the latest versions of the gym equipment. This modern equipment are electronically connected to some parts of the body hence they are able to determine the levels of heartbeat, amount of calories utilized, rate of exercise etc (Czar, 2012). Therefore, the use of this modern technological gym equipment would ensure quality exercise by the patients. Technology can be used to create the necessary entertainment to patients especially those in the hospice wing. By use of 3D movie screens, play

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Paper Example This also affects the jobs and the overall medical facilities and the same will be discussed under this subheading. Major Problems: Major problems caused by Illegal immigration will be discussed in this part and a comprehensive analysis of how to tackle the same will also be discussed in this part. Solutions to the problems: Once the problems are discussed, possible solutions will be discussed. The ways to stop illegal immigration will be discussed; this has been a long standing problem in the US and it is high time to deal with it. How to Restrict Illegal Immigration: This section will throw light upon the solutions to deal with this menace. Laws must be made stricter in order to ensure no illegal immigration takes place, only then can countries witness an unprecedented growth. Conclusion: Summing up the main points discussed in the paper and presenting a logical conclusion that will solve all the problems. Immigration can be of two types, one is legal and the other one is illegal. Legal immigration involves many hassles, there is a lot of paperwork involved but illegal immigration is different. People who know that they are ineligible for legal immigration try their hands at illegal immigration and many succeed immigrating into another country illegally. This has ramifications and this paper will shed more light upon the ramifications of immigration. The United States of America is a developed nation and there are many foreigners who have ensconced themselves in the country. There are many people in Mexico who try to sneak in illegally through the Mexican border into the United States, the personnel in the United States is well aware of this problem and have already taken measures to ensure that no illegal immigration takes place. People are always looking for shortcuts and they always find ways to simplify their work but at times these shortcuts can cost them dear. Immigration is a very complicated procedure, the paperwork involved can take months but this i s the legal way of doing things, illegal ways are adopted because people have no time and patience to do things legally, there are many illegal immigrants in the United States at this moment. Legal immigration becomes illegal when a person whose visa has expired decides to overstay in the country, this is also illegal immigration. A person whose visa has expired must approach the concerned authorities and extend the visa so as to ensure that they do not have to face any serious problems. The personnel have become aware of this problem and the procedure has been changed to deter people from overstaying in the country once their visa has expired. â€Å"Ten million illegal immigrants live in the US, according to estimates by academic and government agencies, although Bear-Stearns investment firm analysts claim that the US illegal immigrant population "may be as high as 20 million people." (â€Å"Illegal Immigration†) Every year millions of people sneak illegally into another co untry by crossing the border line, this is very common in the United States of America. This is called illegal immigration, in other words, people who do not have work permit or any kind of permission from the government to come and stay in that particular country. The same affects the health facilities in the country and negatively impacts the overall healthcare facilities in the USA. Research has found that illegal immigrati Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12 Research Paper Example he helm of the leadership of Ghana upon the achievement of that country’s sovereignty in 1957, and is furthermore given credit for touching off an avalanche of independence movements that ran through the rest of Africa in the ten years following that achievement of independence. He would be ousted from power in 1966, via a coup, but by that time 40 countries all over Africa had been able to achieve independence and freedom from the hands of their European masters. For this reason, and for the strength of his leadership and his ideas relating to the importance of a free Africa and other key tenets, Nkrumah is regarded as a key political figure not just in Ghana but in Africa as a whole, apart from the influence and stature bestowed on him in the international stage as well. On a worldwide basis, many of his ideas and views have substantial weight and impact, including those that he held relating to national and regional development, a united and free Africa, and socialism, amon g others.1 His views on socialism, more of which shall be said later, were however tempered by a politics that was considered to be one of conciliation and friendship towards the western powers to some extent, and that means being friendly to some of the west’s ideas on democracy and democratic principles. 2 His ideas meanwhile on the unity of Africa as something that is urgent and necessary, a must, with the unity redounding to many benefits, political and economic, for the whole of Africa, is something that is said to have been validated by moves in Europe at unification, as well as in other places. 3 That said, some of his ideas relating to socialism and the adoption of socialist economic principles, such as the nationalization of aspects of Ghana agriculture, are said to have met with financial and personal disaster for the country and for its farmers, among others, tempering the positive assessment of Nkrumah’s role in the development of Ghana and African politics and economics.

The appeal of Islam for politics in South East Asia during the 12th Essay

The appeal of Islam for politics in South East Asia during the 12th 17th centuries - Essay Example Southeast Asia covered the vast peninsula of Indochina and the widespread East Indies. In this location lie the countries of Burma, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Islam manifested a significant appeal for the Southeast Asia in the 12th throughout the 17th century. Over two-fifths of the region practice Islam as a religion. Most of the population involved in Muslim practices live in Malay Peninsula, the Archipelago, and on the Mindanao Island in Philippine Indonesia is distinct in the world as the single largest Muslim country, with a populace of about 212 million persons. Two-thirds of Malaysia is 23 million individuals and are Muslims. Evidently, Islam given that it was and it is still is a popular religion in south East Asia, it must have a greater influence as far as politics and policies of the day are concerned. Arguable, in the period 12th -17th centaury Islam appealed for polities in the South East Asi a with a view to maintain dominance. As of mid 14th century, the Hindu-Javanese kingdom of Majapahit conducted an influence over an island kingdom and applied substantial pressure on the mainland. But it was by now experiencing two pressures to its commercial and cultural fame. . In Malaya it was disputed by the upcoming power of Siam; and in the islands its power was being destabilized by the coming of Islam. The islands had contacted with Islam, via Arab merchants, for long though their traditional cultural beliefs on India barred Islam from being acceptable to them until Islam was firmly recognized via Moslem rulers in the northern India, at during the end of the 12th century. Then, in the 13th century, Indian merchants from Gujerat transformed to Islam particular ports of northern part of Sumatra and from there Islam spread to Malay and through to the Philippines. The rise of Islam in Malaya was connected to the establishment and consequent significance of the resolution of Mala cca on the western coast. Islam was founded in the onset of the 15th century, customarily by a Sumatran prince, Parameswara. The prince was changed to Islam, which in his power and the succeeding rulers extended all through the peninsula. Malacca became the major trading port in the Eastern region due to its favourable position on the trade routes connecting India, South East Asia and China. Malacca upheld its sovereignty, cosseted in its early times from Siamese antagonism by the diplomatic acts of the Chinese Ming rulers for a whole century. Consequentially, Malacca became the South East Asia Islam headquarters. In the meantime in Indonesia, the Majapahit Empire divided into smaller and scrawny Moslem nations and the Philippines The Philippines, was inhabited by a combination of Malays and Indonesians, organised in tribal groups referred to as â€Å"barangays". The units possessed definite culture, and did business widely with Arab, Indian and Chinese merchants; but isolated them selves from the different imperial resistance of South East Asia. Most of barangays were converted to Islam between 13th to 15th centuries, though remained excluded in external affairs till the arrival of Europeans during the 16th century. Islam also made insignificant effect on the South East Asia’s mainland which maintained devastatingly Buddhist. China sent many naval teams and diplomatic missions to all their neighbours proximate to Indian Ocean and the South China Seas between 1405 and 1433. The main intention of the chinece for their missions was to seek trade and military esteem. As the missions ended, the Europeans found permission for entry into the Far East Asia. The Arrival of the Europeans : The Portuguese, the Spaniards, and the Dutch. The Portuguese The Portuguese started massive voyages by the end of the 15th century to seek exploration and determination of trade routes towards the east especially India and China spice

The history of video games Essay Example for Free

The history of video games Essay The world of video games has played a part in several generations and they have always been entertaining for everyone. They have consistently evolved over the years keeping up with the times always offering gamers the best quality that is available. What started as mainly being played on televisions now is being played in hand held versions in addition to cell phones. Video games are evolving again with the games allowing the chance for everyone to get involved with the fun. From little toddlers to grandparents, there is a game out there all genres. I will explain each next-gen platform and its differences. The first system is the Nintendo Wii, Wii standing for we meaning that this console was built for everybody to play. This is the smallest console to date weighing in at only less than three pounds, over six inches tall, and it plays 12† inch discs in addition to eight inch discs from its predecessor the Nintendo GameCube. This console is motion censored based meaning that you have to move your body with the controller. This is the only that requires a memory card since there is not a lot of internal memory. This console is for everybody and it became instant hit and sold millions of units in a few short months. Next console is the X-Box 360, the second system released by Microsoft offering a more detailed online experience. With the ability to play others online the 360 has a social networking feel where you interact through your game. This console is fairly heavy weighing in at almost six pounds and with the older models the hard drives are detachable offered in 60 and 120 GB. The current model now has a 250GB hard drive and it slimmer lighter model and now it affordable as opposed to release in 2006 and starting price at $400. Then there is the PlayStation 3 perhaps the best console out of three offers their gamers the ability to play blue-ray discs in addition to having web browser option to connect to your internet service through Ethernet connection. With other features like the PlayStation Store where you can purchase your games and download it to your console, and the PlayStation Home where you can interact with others through an avatar. It began with consoles 20 and 60 GB and now it is offered in 160 and 320 GB since its launch in 2006. Each of these video games is unique in their own way but yet it offers the level entertainment that gamers always come to expect. However, they have evolved to target more guys there are games for everybody now. It is amazing how far these video games have come.

Application Questions Essay Example for Free

Application Questions Essay 1. The first stage is Bodily Self. In this stage, infants become aware of their own existence and distinguish their own bodies from objects in the environment (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica has a sense of humor. She often feels frustrated as she takes care of her children and loses her temper. She is able to joke about her fatigue later. The next stage is Self-identity. Children realize that their identity remains intact despite the many changes that are taking place. Monica is 38 years old stay at home mother of four children. The third stage is Self-esteem. Children learn to take pride in their accomplishments (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is insecure about not having attended college. She doesn’t think of herself as unintelligent, but sees herself as uneducated and defers to others with a better education. The fourth stage is Extension of self. In this stage, children come to recognize the object and people that are part of their own world. Monica is a good mother and a mother of fourth. She takes care of her children’s physical and emotional needs. The fifth stage is Self-image. Children develop actual and idealized images of themselves and their behavior and become aware of satisfying parental expectations (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is aware of the fact that she looks intimidating and angry. She is self-conscious of her frown lines. The sixth stage is Self as rational coper. Children begin to apply reason and logic to the solution of everyday problems (Schultz Schultz 2009). Clutter and messiness bothers her. She cleans the two bathrooms every day, vacuums, dusts, picks up toys, and so forth. The final stage is Propriate striving. In this stage young people begin to formulate long-range goals and plans (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is considering going back to school to earn an associate’s degree in Legal Business Studies and becoming a legal assistant. 2. Cardinal traits are the most perverse and powerful human trait (Schultz Schultz 2009). These traits dominate a person’s behavior and ruling passion. Central traits are the handful of outstanding traits that describe a person’s behavior (Schultz Schultz 2009). These traits describe our behavior. The secondary traits are the least important traits which a person may display inconspicuously and inconsistently (Schultz Schultz 2009). Only a close friend may recognize these traits. Monica’s has a large amount  of central traits. Her friends describe her as being fiercely loyal, supportive, and talkative. She is also a perfectionist and neurotic about cleaning. 3. The functional autonomy propose that the motive of a mature, emotionally health adults are not functionally connected to the prior experiences in which they initially appeared (Schultz Schultz 2009). An addictive behavior that Monica has is that she tries to keep her house spotless. She cleans the two bathrooms every day, vacuums, dusts, picks up toys, and so forth. She is neurotic about cleaning. 4. Prorim is a term for the ego or self (Schultz Schultz 2009). It seems as if Monica understands who she is as a unique individual. Monica’s cleaning, need for order, and ability to laugh at herself helps aid in her individuality. 5. Propriate striving is when young people begin to formulate long-range goals and plans (Schultz Schultz 2009).Her goals is to go back to school to get an associate’s degree in Legal Business Studies and become a legal assistant after all her children are in middle school. She is also able to accept her feelings of frustration as she takes care of her kids and her forgetfulness. Theory Comparison Questions 1. Allport criteria for mental health, is that he believed that mature adults have a unifying philosophy or a set of values. These values help give a purpose to their life. They apply propriate self-extension to their friends, family, hobbies, and work. A healthy personality is made up of compassionate and loving relationships. The compassionate and loving relationship has to be free of possessiveness and jealousy. Emotional security and self acceptance is another criteria. Mature individuals can sustain all the frustrations of life that can’t be avoided without losing their position and giving into to self-pity. Mature individuals have a realistic orientation towards themselves and others. They can economic survive without becoming defensive. The final thing is that they have  developed an accurate self insight their desirable and disagreeable qualities. 2. Allport’s propriate striving is believed to be the core problem for adolescents. The adolescent selects goals that they want to obtain for an occupation or any other life goal. They realize that their future must entail them following a plan and they lose their childhood. Jung believed that self-realization is the balance between various opposing forces of personality. It is list of opposites such as introverted and extraverted, rational and irrational, conscious and unconscious , and past events and future expectations. Maslow self-actualization is the fullest development of the self (Schultz Schultz 2009). A person is able to able to grow towards achieving their highest needs in life. Self-actualization depends on the maximum realization and fulfillment of our potentials, talents, and abilities. If the person is not self-actualizing, he or she will be restless frustrated, and discontent (Schultz Schultz 2009). Rogers believe that individuals can accomplish their goals, wishes and desires. If this is done this is self realization. Rogers wanted to integrate the real self and the ideal self. When these two combine, the fully functioning person emerges. 3. The proprium is a term developed for the self or ego. This includes the aspects of the personality that are distinctive and thus appropriate to our emotional state. Before he proprium begins to emerge, the infant experiences no self consciousness, and no awareness of self. The proprium will develop gradually and steadily, and the child will achieve positive psychological growth. Rogers believe that the self develops through interaction with others. Rogers believes that the concept of self is present when the child is born. Reference Ashcraft, D. M. (2012). Personality theories workbook (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E. (2009). Theories of personality (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Shifting Identity of an International Student

Shifting Identity of an International Student Over the last two decades the immigration for study by long-term migrants grew from 40,000 in 1990s to 192,000 in 2015 (Population Briefing International student migration What do the statistics tell us? January 2016). This paper aims to examine the reasons behind the students decision to immigrate for higher education, the challenges and issues they might encounter, as well as how having to live far away from home, in a different country, facing a whole new culture and new mentalities ultimately shapes their own personality. Immigration provides the immigrant with a new start in life and more growth opportunities than were previously available. The reasons behind this decision are complex, and differ from student to student, but what all of them have in common is the idea of a brighter future, of more opportunities and the chance to a better life than they would have in their country of origin. As it emerges from my interview, the participants decision to move to England was taken based mostly on the fact that the level of education in universities in England is higher than the one in her country of origin, Egypt, offering a broader diversity of courses and more career options and opportunities. Also, other factors that counted for this decision were the political affairs in Egypt, the revolution, and the fact that her country was not very stable at that moment in time. But apart from its benefits, there are many complex challenges associated with immigration, most of them regarding the assimilation into life in the host country. Migrants, almost by definition, move with the future in mind, but their journeys inevitably involve taking their past with them. Immigration is not only about changing countries, but also about shifting identities, known as the phenomenon of hybrid identity formation. They develop their personal identity as they face conflicting ethnic, personal and national identity options. They deal with both host and origin social constructs, contradicting expectations, traditions and norms during the process of individual identity formation. This phenomenon can be observed in the respondents answers as well. She identifies with some ideals of the British culture, but she feels that she does not belong here. She finds British people too free and uncensored in their thoughts and actions and sometimes even offensive. There is also a great discrepancy between the way in which women are treated. While in England girls are allowed to dress as they want, smoke, attend parties, or walk alone at night feeling safe, and without being judge, in Egypt people have clear, strict standards when it comes to girls clothing and behaviour, and if these are not respected people would stare and judge. Moreover, she faced a significant contrast regarding peoples religious beliefs and practices, as well as the level of religiosity. This affected her life on many levels. Things considered very bad, or even sin in her culture, are seen as normal in England and more, people would consider her weird and treat her differently if she would not take part in those activities or behave as they do. This is why she feels a constant pressure from the contradicting expectations people from the two countries she now belongs to have from her. Thus, migrant students can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning con cerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. The shift in migrant students personalities and formation of a dual identity can be observed as well very clearly in the evolution of their home friendships in contrast with the new relationships built in the host country. While they adapt to the new environment, their attitude and views inevitably change and so, their home friends will start facing difficulties in understanding their new ideas and acts. Meanwhile, their new friends from the host country will never be able to fully comprehend their distinctive character, as they do not understand the international students past, including the mentality and culture in which they were born and raised. This is further supported by the persistent finding in the research on international education that for many international students, a major disappointment is their failure to establish meaningful local friendships. Therefore, the migrants start developing feelings of alienation and isolation because neither friends can relate to them com pletely. As my interviewee admitted, she cannot be entirely honest with either of her friends because there are things only the ones from here would understand, and other things only the ones from Egypt would. However, the crucial characteristic, defining people with hybrid identities is the fact, that home is neither represented by their country of origin, nor by their host country. The migrant rather feels affiliated to both places, with both cultures, phenomenon called by sociologists bilocalism. The international students develop familial affiliations, relationships, cultural and material roots in two countries; they identify themselves with two place at the same time. The German-Turkish poet Zehra ÇÄÂ ±rak depicts this fact by using the metaphor of a bridge: the two ends of it symbolize two different cultures. People presenting hybrid identities walk on this bridge freely, from one culture to another. At some points of life one culture might be dominant, later on the other one. Nevertheless, essential for hybrid identities is the permanent presence of both cultures, no matter to which extent. This idea is further supported by Glick Schiller and her colleagues, who argue that nowadays migrants lives cut across national boundaries and bring two societies into a single social field. As my respondent admitted, she often faces contradictory feelings regarding her migration in England. On the one side, she misses home and everything that is related to it, feeling that she does not really belong in UK, but on the other side, there are things in her host country that she got attached to, that make her happy and without which she would not imagine her life now. Many international students might face difficulties in accommodating to the new environment and more importantly in trying to be academically successful in this new environment. However, studies have shown that they are conspicuously better motivated, focused and more aware of the benefits of higher education because they know the sacrifices they had to make in order to get where they are and the struggles they faced in adapting in the host country, so they appreciate more what they have and try to give their best in order to make these efforts worth it. These findings are consistent with my interview research. The respondent declared that she often feels unaccomplished and pressured to work hard and be persistent until she achieves what she wants because she had to leave everything behind in order to come here, and does not want these sacrifices to be in vain. But sometimes she is not as motivated to study and work as she usually is, or as she thinks she should be because she feels isolated, alone, away from home and family, further developing a guilty conscience during these moments. Moreover, migrants can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning concerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. From my interviewees experience, she considers that in general British people are colder and more interested in sticking together, than getting to know the international students. Moreover, she does not really like the life here as she considers that moving to UK does not help her accomplish what she really wants. She feels pressured by her identity to learn more about her culture and not being able to do so here bothers her. She could not say if she would change her decision to come to England if she could go back in time. What makes her happy here is what she studies and the friendships she has built so far and she is aware of the fact that she would not be able to continue her studies somewhere else, or leave her friends behind.

Does Concentrated Acid or Diluted Acid React Faster? :: Science Experiments Reaction Rates Essays

Does Concentrated Acid or Diluted Acid React Faster? Plan I am going to carry out a reaction between Magnesium ribbon and Hydrochloric acid. The aim of this investigation is to work out which reacts faster, concentrated acid or diluted acid. I will judge if the reaction is fast or slow by observing the bubbles which occur during the reaction and also observe if the Magnesium has disappeared. Only the concentration of the acid will be changed - the Magnesium is a solid. Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(aq) + H2 (g) There are four main factors which may affect rate of reaction. These are: - 1. Concentration 2. Temperature 3. Catalyst 4. Surface area CONCENTRATION- if the concentration of the acid is increased, the rate goes faster. In a concentrated acid there are more particles in it this means that there is a more chance of successful collisions occurring. If the acid was diluted, there are not many acid particles, which means that there is not much chance of an acid particle hitting a magnesium atom. At the start, there are plenty of Magnesium atoms and acid particles but they get used up during successful collisions. After, a time there a fewer Magnesium atoms and the acid is less concentrated so the reaction slows down. This graph shows this: - volume of hydrogen Time Diluted Acid Concentrated Acid = Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesiumatom TEMPERATURE - at low temperatures the particles of reacting substances don't have enough energy. So if the substances were heated this would mean the particles take in energy. This causes them to move faster and collide vigorously very often. Also making more successful collisions. Therefore the rate of reaction increases. CATALYST - using a catalyst can speed up reactions. If there is a catalyst in the reaction then the collision needs less energy in order to be successful. This results into more collisions becoming successful, so the reaction goes faster, catalysts are very important in industry. Reactions are speeded up at low temperatures, which means less fuel is needed so money is saved. SURFACE AREA - if the Magnesium had a large surface area the atoms in the outer layer will only collide with the acid particles but if the metal was powdered, many more atoms are exposed, so there is a greater chance of successful collisions. Concentrated Acid = Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesium atom COLLISION THEORY The Collision Theory is used to predict the rate of reaction. The Theory is based on the fact that for a reaction to take place, it is

Aging and Hearing Loss :: Cognitive Geriatrics Essays

Aging and Hearing Loss Hearing loss is often overlooked because our hearing is an invisible sense that is always expected to be in action. Yet, there are people everywhere that suffer from the effects of hearing loss. It is important to study and understand all aspects of the many different types and reasons for hearing loss. The loss of this particular sense can be socially debilitating. It can affect the communication skills of the person, not only in receiving information, but also in giving the correct response. This paper focuses primarily on hearing loss in the elderly. One thing that affects older individuals' communication is the difficulty they often experience when recognizing time compressed speech. Time compressed speech involves fast and unclear conversational speech. Many older listeners can detect the sound of the speech being spoken, but it is still unclear (Pichora-Fuller, 2000). In order to help with diagnosis and rehabilitation, we need to understand why speech is unclear even when it is audible. The answer to that question would also help in the development of hearing aids and other communication devices. Also, as we come to understand the reasoning behind this question and as we become more knowledgeable about what older adults can and cannot hear, we can better accommodate them in our day to day interactions. There are many approaches to the explanation of the elderly's difficulty with rapid speech. Researchers point to a decline in processing speed, a decline in processing brief acoustic cues (Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 2001), an age-related decline of temporal processing in general (Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 1999; Vaughan & Letowski, 1997), the fact that both visual and auditory perception change with age (Helfer, 1998), an interference of mechanical function of the ear, possible sensorineural hearing loss due to damage to receptors over time (Scheuerle, 2000), or a decline in the processing of sounds in midbrain (Ochert, 2000). Each one of these could be a possible explanation; however it is often a combination of several of these causing a perceptual difficulty in the individual. Helfer (1998) recognized the slowing of our temporal perceptual processes with increasing age. He suggested that this leads to auditory deformity, especially in the instance of time compressed speech. Speech comprehension requires rapid processing of stimuli that is not always completed in time-compressed speech because of the shortening of phonemes and a decrease in pauses. Helfer went a step further by taking into account that hearing is not just auditory but it is also visual, in that we use cues like looking at the person's mouth or facial expression while having a conversation.

Personal name

They should contain your name and position title, contact number, email address and website address. If possible, your business name, logo and services or products also should be listed. It is common practice to have a double-sided card in the U. K. With the business details on the front and the personal contact details on the back 2. Shaking hands Shaking hands is a common form of greeting A handshake Is standard for business occasions and when visiting a home. Women do not always shake hands.In business, a light handshake Is standard. When vaulting a home, a handshake Is proper; however, a handshake Is not always correct at social occasions. Observe what others do. In the UK it is usually a single right hand that does the shaking. Very few people shake with their left hand and it is deemed rude to offer your hand without taking your glove off first. 3. Bowing 4. Kissing 5. Being formal or informal 6. Punctuality Punctuality is paramount. You should always arrive for an appointment/ meeting on time, maybe even five minutes early.If you are going to be late, telephone and give a time when you expect you will arrive. 7. Humor Do not make jokes about the royal family. 8. Eye contact The British often do not look at the other person while they talk. Maintain eye contact during the greeting. 9. Socializing with contacts The best way to make contact with senior executives is through a third party. It is not appropriate to have this same third party Intervene later If problems arise. While business dinners are becoming less common, business breakfasts are gaining In popularity.Work Is often discussed during business breakfasts and lunches, although these can also be used as an opportunity for general small talk to get to now your colleagues better and build up a good working relationship Meetings usually open with a fair amount of small talks, in order to create a warm, positive climate conducive to working well together. They last within 5-10 minutes before meetings Animals are usually a good topic of conversation. 11 . Accepting interruption 12. Giving presents Giving gifts in a business setting is not very common.When they are given, thank you gifts are usually small symbolic items such as diaries, pens, champagne, etc. Gifts should not seem inappropriately expensive. Also, gifts are usually given at the conclusion of something, such as a project, to mark the occasion or as a thank you. Rather than giving gifts, it is preferable to invite your hosts out for a meal or a show. When you are invited to an English home, you may bring flowers (not white lilies, which signify death), liquor or champagne, and chocolates. Send a brief, handwritten thank- you note promptly afterward, preferably by mail or e-mail-?not by messenger.When bringing flowers, consult with the florist about the appropriate type and umber. 13. Being direct (saying exactly what you think) 14. Using first name When greeting people in the I-J, wait to use first names until the oth er person uses yours or asks you to call them by their first name. The response you give to an introduction should have the same level of formality as the introduction itself. However, British business etiquette is becoming more informal and first names are often used right away The use of first names is becoming more common. However, you should follow the initiative of your host.

Daily Dairy

First day back at placement after Easter Holiday, I greeted children in to class as their parents dropped them in to class in the morning. Straight away children where learning through play. My morning duty was to supervise children and play with them. There was Lego, foam on a table, a table with sand and toys set out for the children. Girl A speaks Bengali at the moment learning to speak English. But she said whistle in Bengali as she was pouring sand through a windmill toy. Girl B described the foam as â€Å"sticky† as she was touching the foam. Girl A said â€Å"let’s play with water! †, again she said that in Bengali.So I helped her and translated in Bengali for her to repeat after me and say, â€Å"Let’s†¦ play†¦ with†¦ water! † She attempted and said, â€Å"play†¦ with†¦ water! † I then praised her and said, â€Å"Well done! † While Girl A, B, C & D where playing with fishes in the water bath they were s eeing who catches how many fishes. So I instructed them to take turns and count how many they caught in their nets. After play I assisted Girl B to wash her hands making sure the water was not to hot and that she rinsed all the foam off her hands. Then I instructed her to dry her hands with the towel.At morning play, I was with a group of children. I pointed out to them as we were admiring the sun that the clouds where moving. So I instructed them to steady their eyes on the clouds and watch how slowly the clouds move. After break was numeracy time. The children where divided in three groups in different areas f the class room. One of the teachers had to go to the loo so she left me with her group and instructed me to sing â€Å"five little ducks† with them which they enjoyed as I exaggerated my hand gestures. After the teacher came back she did a sharing and counting activity using bears/animals & a container.Boy A understands more about equableness than the other children i n his group. After group activity children had phonics time with the whole class just before lunch. They where sounding out the first letter of their names. E. g. â€Å"T†¦ T†¦ Tahmina† and then deciding whether it was a bouncy or stretchy sound. â€Å"T†¦ T†¦ is a bouncy sound† During phonics another teacher called me over and instructed me to set the construction play table outside ready for lunch play. So I chose a box full of Interstars and tipped the lot on the table outside in the nursery playground.Then Miss put out costumes in a corner for the children to express themselves as different characters. I believe this is a great way to build their confidence. Before lunch I supervised children to wash there hands and dry them. Also I was mopping the floor regularly for the children’s safety in case they slipped because water was being sprinkled on the floor. At the lunch hall, I asked the children what they would like to eat giving them a choice of, tuna rap or chicken. Then I gave the children a slice of bread and some salad, bearing in mind there was a child allergic to bread on my table.As well as working 1:1 with Girl A helping her eat cause she was getting bored I also helped other children cut their chicken into small pieces making it easy for them to eat and pick up. During lunch play I was instructed by the teacher to water the plants with the children which I very much enjoyed with the children as they enjoyed the activity to. I didn’t experience any difficulties during that particular activity, but if there were any concerns or problems I would have asked any of the teachers for advice and support.

Shadow Kiss Chapter 29

Twenty-nine NEARLY A WEEK LATER, I showed up at Adrian's door. We hadn't had classes since the attack, but our normal curfew hours were still in effect, and it was almost bedtime. Adrian's face registered complete and total shock when he saw me. It was the first time I'd ever sought him out, rather than vice versa. â€Å"Little dhampir,† he said, stepping aside. â€Å"Come in.† I did, and was nearly overwhelmed by the smell of alcohol as I passed him. The Academy's guest housing was nice, but he clearly hadn't done much to keep his suite clean. I had a feeling he'd probably been drinking nonstop since the attack. The TV was on, and a small table by the couch held a half-empty bottle of vodka. I picked it up and read the label. It was in Russian. â€Å"Bad time?† I asked, setting it back down. â€Å"Never a bad time for you,† he told me gallantly. His face looked haggard. He was still as good-looking as ever, but there were dark circles under his eyes like he hadn't been sleeping well. He waved me toward an armchair and sat down on the couch. â€Å"Haven't seen much of you.† I leaned back. â€Å"I haven't wanted to be seen,† I admitted. I'd hardly spoken to anyone since the attack. I'd spent a lot of time by myself or with Lissa. I took comfort from being around her, but we hadn't said much. She understood that I needed to process things and had simply been there for me, not pushing me on things I didn't want to talk about – even though there were a dozen things she wanted to ask. The Academy's dead had been honored in one group memorial service, although their families had made arrangements for each person's respective funeral. I'd gone to the larger service. The chapel had been packed, with standing room only. Father Andrew had read the names of the dead, listing Dimitri and Molly among them. No one was talking about what had really happened to them. There was too much other grief anyway. We were drowning in it. No one even knew how the Academy would pick up the pieces and start running again. â€Å"You look worse than I do,† I told Adrian. â€Å"I didn't think that was possible.† He brought the bottle to his lips and took a long drink. â€Å"Nah, you always look good. As for me †¦ well, it's hard to explain. The auras are getting to me. There's so much sorrow around here. You can't even begin to understand. It radiates from everyone on a spiritual level. It's overwhelming. It makes your dark aura downright cheerful.† â€Å"Is that why you're drinking?† â€Å"Yup. It's shut my aura-vision right off, thankfully, so I can't give you a report today.† He offered me the bottle, and I shook my head. He shrugged and took another drink. â€Å"So what can I do for you, Rose? I have a feeling you aren't here to check on me.† He was right, and I only felt a little bad about what I was here for. I'd done a lot of thinking this last week. Processing my grief for Mason had been hard. In fact, I hadn't even really quite resolved it when the ghost business had started. Now I had to mourn all over again. After all, more than Dimitri had been lost. Teachers had died, guardians and Moroi alike. None of my close friends had died, but people I knew from classes had. They'd been students at the Academy as long as I had, and it was weird to think I'd never see them again. That was a lot of loss to deal with, a lot of people to say goodbye to. But†¦ Dimitri. He was a different case. After all, how did you say goodbye to someone who wasn't exactly gone? That was the problem. â€Å"I need money,† I told Adrian, not bothering with pretense. He arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Unexpected. From you, at least. I get that kind of request a lot from others. Pray tell, what would I be funding?† I glanced away from him, focusing on the television. It was a commercial for some kind of deodorant. â€Å"I'm leaving the Academy,† I said finally. â€Å"Also unexpected. You're only a few months out from graduation.† I met his eyes. â€Å"It doesn't matter. I have things to do now.† â€Å"I never figured you'd be one of the dropout guardians. You going to join the blood whores?† â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"Of course not.† â€Å"Don't act so offended. That's not an unreasonable assumption. If you're not going to be a guardian, what else are you going to do?† â€Å"I told you. I have things I have to take care of.† He arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Things that are going to get you into trouble?† I shrugged. He laughed. â€Å"Stupid question, huh? Everything you do gets you in trouble.† He propped his elbow up on the couch's arm and rested his chin in his hand. â€Å"Why'd you come to me for money?† â€Å"Because you have it.† This also made him laugh. â€Å"And why do you think I'll give it to you?† I didn't say anything. I just looked at him, forcing as much womanly charm as I could into my expression. His smile went away, and his green eyes narrowed in frustration. He jerked his gaze away. â€Å"Damn it, Rose. Don't do that. Not now. You're playing on how I feel about you. That's not fair.† He gulped more vodka. He was right. I'd come to him because I thought I could use his crush to get what I wanted. It was low, but I had no choice. Getting up, I moved over and sat beside him. I held his hand. â€Å"Please, Adrian,† I said. â€Å"Please help me. You're the only one I can go to.† â€Å"That's not fair,† he repeated, slurring his words a little. â€Å"You're using those come-hither eyes on me, but it's not me you want. It's never been me. It's always been Belikov, and God only knows what you'll do now that he's gone.† He was right about that too. â€Å"Will you help me?† I asked, still playing up the charisma. â€Å"You're the only one I could talk to †¦ the only one who really understands me†¦.† â€Å"Are you coming back?† he countered. â€Å"Eventually.† Tipping his head back, he exhaled a heavy breath. His hair, which I'd always thought looked stylishly messy, simply looked messy today. â€Å"Maybe it's for the best if you leave. Maybe you'll get over him faster if you go away for a while. Wouldn't hurt to be away from Lissa's aura either. It might slow yours from darkening – stop this rage you always seem to be in. You need to be happier. And stop seeing ghosts.† My seduction faltered for a moment. â€Å"Lissa isn't why I'm seeing ghosts. Well, she is, but not in the way you think. I see the ghosts because I'm shadow-kissed. I'm tied to the world of the dead, and the more I kill, the stronger that connection becomes. It's why I see the dead and why I feel weird when Strigoi are near. I can sense them now. They're tied to that world too.† He frowned. â€Å"You're saying the auras mean nothing? That you aren't taking away the effects of spirit?† â€Å"No. That's happening too. That's why this has all been so confusing. I thought there was just one thing going on, but there've been two. I see the ghosts because of being shadow-kissed. I'm getting†¦ upset and angry†¦ bad, even†¦ because I'm taking away Lissa's dark side. That's why my aura's darkening, why I'm getting so enraged lately. Right now, it just sort of plays out as a really bad temper†¦.† I frowned, thinking of the night Dimitri had stopped me from going after Jesse. â€Å"But I don't know what it'll turn into next.† Adrian sighed. â€Å"Why is everything so complicated with you?† â€Å"Will you help me? Please, Adrian?† I ran my fingers along his hand. â€Å"Please help me.† Low, low. This was so low of me, but it didn't matter. Only Dimitri did. Finally, Adrian looked back at me. For the first time ever, he looked vulnerable. â€Å"When you come back, will you give me a fair shot?† I hid my surprise. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"It's like I said. You've never wanted me, never even considered me. The flowers, the flirting †¦ it rolled right off you. You were so gone for him, and nobody noticed. If you go do your thing, will you take me seriously? Will you give me a chance when you return?† I stared. I definitely hadn't expected this. My initial instinct was to say no, that I could never love anybody again, that my heart had been shattered along with that piece of my soul that Dimitri held. But Adrian was looking at me so earnestly, and there was none of his joking nature. He meant what he said, and I realized all the affection for me he'd always teased about hadn't been a joke either. Lissa had been right about his feelings. â€Å"Will you?† he repeated. God only knows what you'll do now that he's gone. â€Å"Of course.† Not an honest answer, but a necessary one. Adrian looked away and drank more vodka. There wasn't much left. â€Å"When are you leaving?† â€Å"Tomorrow.† Setting the bottle down, he stood up and walked off into the bedroom. He returned with a large stack of cash. I wondered if he kept it under his bed or something. He handed it to me wordlessly and then picked up the phone and made some calls. The sun was up, and the human world, which handled most Moroi money, was also up and awake. I tried to watch TV while he talked, but I couldn't concentrate. I kept wanting to scratch the back of my neck. Because there was no way of knowing exactly how many Strigoi I and the others had killed, we'd all been given a different kind of tattoo instead of the usual set of molnija marks. I'd forgotten its name, but this tattoo looked like a little star. It meant that the bearer had been in a battle and killed many Strigoi. When he finally finished his calls, Adrian handed me a piece of paper. It had the name and address of a bank in Missoula. â€Å"Go there,† he said. â€Å"I'm guessing you have to go to Missoula first anyway if you're actually going on to anywhere civilized. There's an account set up for you with †¦ a lot of money in it. Talk to them, and they'll finish the paperwork with you.† I stood up and stuffed the bills in my jacket. â€Å"Thank you,† I said. Without hesitating, I reached out and hugged him. The scent of vodka was overpowering, but I felt I owed him. I was taking advantage of his feelings for me in order to further my own devices. He put his arms around me and held me for several seconds before letting go. I brushed my lips against his cheek as we broke apart, and I thought he might stop breathing. â€Å"I won't forget this,† I murmured in his ear. â€Å"I don't suppose you'll tell me where you're going?† he asked. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"I'm sorry.† â€Å"Just keep your promise and come back.† â€Å"I didn't actually use the word promise,† I pointed out. He smiled and pressed a kiss to my forehead. â€Å"You're right. I'm going to miss you, little dhampir. Be careful. If you ever need anything, let me know. I'll be waiting for you.† I thanked him again and left, not bothering to tell him he might be waiting a long time. There was a very real possibility that I might not be coming back. The next day, I got up early, long before most of campus was awake. I'd hardly slept. I slung a bag over my shoulder and walked over to the main office in the administrative building. The office wasn't open yet either, so I sat down on the floor in the hallway outside of it. Studying my hands as I waited, I noticed two tiny flecks of gold on my thumbnail. They were the only remnants of my manicure. About twenty minutes later, the secretary showed up with the keys and let me in. â€Å"What can I do for you?† she asked, once she was seated at her desk. I handed her a stack of papers I'd been holding. â€Å"I'm withdrawing.† Her eyes widened to impossible size. â€Å"But†¦what†¦you can't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tapped the stack. â€Å"I can. It's all filled out.† Still gaping, she muttered something to me about waiting, and then scurried out of the room. A few minutes later, she returned with Headmistress Kirova. Kirova had apparently been briefed and was looking at me very disapprovingly down her beaklike nose. â€Å"Miss Hathaway, what's the meaning of this?† â€Å"I'm leaving,† I said. â€Å"Quitting. Dropping out. Whatever.† â€Å"You can't do that,† she said. â€Å"Well, obviously I can, since you guys keep withdrawal paperwork in the library. It's all filled out the way it needs to be.† Her anger changed into something sadder and more anxious. â€Å"I know a lot has gone on lately – we're all having trouble adjusting – but that's no reason to make a hasty decision. If anything, we need you more than ever.† She was almost pleading. Hard to believe she'd wanted to expel me six months ago. â€Å"This wasn't hasty,† I said. â€Å"I thought a lot about it.† â€Å"Let me at least get your mother so we can talk this out.† â€Å"She left for Europe three days ago. Not that it matters anyway.† I pointed to the line on the top form that said date of birth. â€Å"I'm eighteen today. She can't do anything anymore. This is my choice. Now, will you stamp the form, or are you actually going to try to restrain me? Pretty sure I could take you in a fight, Kirova.† They stamped my packet, not happily. The secretary made a copy of the official paper that declared I was no longer a student at St. Vladimir's Academy. I'd need it to get out the main gate. It was a long walk to the front of the school, and the western sky was red as the sun slipped over the horizon. The weather had warmed up, even at night. Spring had finally come. It made for good walking weather since I had a ways to go before I made it to the highway. From there, I'd hitchhike to Missoula. Hitchhiking wasn't safe, but the silver stake in my coat pocket made me feel pretty secure about anything I'd face. No one had taken it away from me after the raid, and it would work just as well against creepy humans as it did with Strigoi. I could just make out the gates when I sensed her. Lissa. I stopped walking and turned toward a cluster of bud-covered trees. She'd been standing in them, perfectly still, and had managed to hide her thoughts so well that I hadn't realized she was practically right next to me. Her hair and eyes glowed in the sunset, and she seemed too beautiful and too ethereal to be part of this dreary landscape. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"Hey.† She wrapped her arms around herself, cold even in her coat. Moroi didn't have the same resistance to temperature changes that dhampirs did. What I found warm and springlike was still chilly to her. â€Å"I knew it,† she said. â€Å"Ever since that day they said his body was gone. Something told me you'd do this. I was just waiting.† â€Å"Can you read my mind now?† I asked ruefully. â€Å"No, I can just read you. Finally. I can't believe how blind I was. I can't believe I never noticed. Victor's comment†¦ he was right.† She glanced off at the sunset, then turned her gaze back on me. A flash of anger, both in her feelings and her eyes, hit me. â€Å"Why didn't you tell me?† she cried. â€Å"Why didn't you tell me you loved Dimitri?† I stared. I couldn't remember the last time Lissa had yelled at anyone. Maybe last fall, when all the Victor insanity had gone down. Loud outbursts were my thing, not hers. Even when torturing Jesse, her voice had been deadly quiet. â€Å"I couldn't tell anyone,† I said. â€Å"I'm your best friend, Rose. We've been through everything together. Do you really think I would have told? I would have kept it secret.† I looked at the ground. â€Å"I know you would have. I just†¦ I don't know. I couldn't talk about it. Not even to you. I can't explain it.† â€Å"How†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She groped for the question her mind had already formed. â€Å"How serious was it? Was it just you or – ?† â€Å"It was both of us,† I told her. â€Å"He felt the same. But we knew we couldn't be together, not with our age†¦and, well, not when we were supposed to be protecting you.† Lissa frowned. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"Dimitri always said that if we were involved, we'd worry more about protecting each other than you. We couldn't do that.† Guilt coursed through her at the thought that she'd been responsible for keeping us apart. â€Å"It's not your fault,† I said quickly. â€Å"Surely†¦there must have been a way. †¦ It wouldn't have been a problem†¦.† I shrugged, unwilling to think about or mention our last kiss in the forest, back when Dimitri and I had thought we'd figured out a solution to all of our problems. â€Å"I don't know,† I said. â€Å"We just tried to stay apart. Sometimes it worked. Sometimes it didn't.† Her mind was a tumble of emotions. She felt sorry for me, but at the same time, she was mad. â€Å"You should have told me,† she repeated. â€Å"I feel like you don't trust me.† â€Å"Of course I trust you.† â€Å"Is that why you're sneaking off?† â€Å"That has nothing to do with trust,† I admitted. â€Å"It's me†¦well, I didn't want to tell you. I couldn't bear to tell you I was leaving or explain why.† â€Å"I already know,† she said. â€Å"I figured it out.† â€Å"How?† I asked. Lissa was full of surprises today. â€Å"I was there. Last fall when we took that van into Missoula. The shopping trip? You and Dimitri were talking about Strigoi, about how becoming one makes you something twisted and evil†¦how it destroys the person you used to be and makes you do horrible things. And I heard †¦Ã¢â‚¬  She had trouble saying it. I had trouble hearing it, and my eyes grew wet. The memory was too harsh, thinking of sitting with him that day, back when we were first falling in love. Lissa swallowed and continued. â€Å"I heard you both say you'd rather die than become a monster like that.† Silence fell between us. The wind picked up and blew our hair around, dark and light. â€Å"I have to do this, Liss. I have to do it for him.† â€Å"No,† she said firmly. â€Å"You don't have to. You didn't promise him anything.† â€Å"Not in words, no. But you †¦ you don't understand.† â€Å"I understand that you're trying to cope and that this is as good a way as any. You need to find another way to let him go.† I shook my head. â€Å"I have to do this.† â€Å"Even if it means leaving me?† The way she said it, the way she looked at me †¦ oh God. A flood of memories flitted through my mind. We'd been together since childhood. Inseparable. Bound. And yet†¦Dimitri and I had been connected too. Damn it. I'd never wanted to have to choose between them. â€Å"I have to do this,† I said yet again. â€Å"I'm sorry.† â€Å"You're supposed to be my guardian and go with me to college,† she argued. â€Å"You're shadow-kissed. We're supposed to be together. If you leave me †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The ugly coil of darkness was starting to raise its head in my chest. My voice was tight when I spoke. â€Å"If I leave you, they'll get you another guardian. Two of them. You're the last Dragomir. They'll keep you safe.† â€Å"But they won't be you, Rose,† she said. Those luminous green eyes held mine, and the anger in me cooled. She was so beautiful, so sweet†¦ and she seemed so reasonable. She was right. I owed it to her. I needed to – â€Å"Stop it!† I yelled, turning away. She'd been using her magic. â€Å"Do not use compulsion on me. You're my friend. Friends don't use their powers on each other.† â€Å"Friends don't abandon each other,† she snapped back. â€Å"If you were my friend, you wouldn't do it.† I spun back toward her, careful not to look too closely into her eyes, in case she tried compulsion on me again. The rage in me exploded. â€Å"It's not about you, okay? This time, it's about me. Not you. All my life, Lissa †¦ all my life, it's been the same. They come first. I've lived my life for you. I've trained to be your shadow, but you know what? I want to come first. I need to take care of myself for once. I'm tired of looking out for everyone else and having to put aside what I want. Dimitri and I did that, and look what happened. He's gone. I will never hold him again. Now I owe it to him to do this. I'm sorry if it hurts you, but it's my choice!† I'd shouted the words, not even pausing for a breath, and I hoped my voice hadn't carried to the guardians on duty at the gate. Lissa was staring at me, shocked and hurt. Tears ran down her cheeks, and part of me shriveled up at hurting the person I'd sworn to protect. â€Å"You love him more than me,† she said in a small voice, sounding very young. â€Å"He needs me right now.† â€Å"I need you. He's gone, Rose.† â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"But he will be soon.† I reached up my sleeve and took off the chotki she'd given me for Christmas. I held it out to her. She hesitated and then took it. â€Å"What's this for?† she asked. â€Å"I can't wear it. It's for a Dragomir guardian. I'll take it again when I †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I had almost said if, not when. I think she knew that. â€Å"When I get back.† Her hands closed around the beads. â€Å"Please, Rose. Please don't leave me.† â€Å"I'm sorry,† I said. There were no other words to offer up. â€Å"I'm sorry.† I left her there crying as I walked toward the gate. A piece of my soul had died when Dimitri had fallen. Turning my back on her now, I felt another piece die as well. Soon there wouldn't be anything left inside of me. The guardians at the gate were as shocked as the secretary and Kirova had been, but there was nothing they could do. Happy birthday to me, I thought bitterly. Eighteen at last. It was nothing like I had expected. They opened the gates and I stepped through, outside of the school's grounds and over the wards. The lines were invisible, but I felt strangely vulnerable and exposed, as if I'd leapt a great chasm. And yet, at the same time, I felt free and in control. I started walking down the narrow road. The sun was nearly gone; I'd have to rely on moonlight soon. When I was out of earshot of the guardians, I stopped and spoke. â€Å"Mason.† I had to wait a long time. When he appeared, I could barely see him at all. He was almost completely transparent. â€Å"It's time, isn't it? You're going†¦you're finally moving on to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Well, I had no clue where he was moving on to. I didn't know anymore what lay beyond, whether it was the realms Father Andrew believed in or some entirely different world that I'd visited. Nonetheless, Mason understood and nodded. â€Å"It's been more than forty days,† I mused. â€Å"So I guess you're overdue. I'm glad †¦ I mean, I hope you find peace. Although I kind of hoped you'd be able to lead me to him.† Mason shook his head, and he didn't need to say a word for me to understand what he wanted to tell me. You're on your own now, Rose. â€Å"It's okay. You deserve your rest. Besides, I think I know where to start looking.† I'd thought about this constantly over the last week. If Dimitri was where I believed he was, I had a lot of work ahead of me. Mason's help would have been nice, but I didn't want to keep bothering him. It seemed like he had enough to deal with. â€Å"Goodbye,† I told him. â€Å"Thanks for your help I †¦ I'll miss you.† His form grew fainter and fainter, and just before it went altogether, I saw the hint of a smile, that laughing and mischievous smile I'd loved so much. For the first time since his death, thinking about Mason no longer devastated me. I was sad and I really would miss him, but I knew he'd moved on to something good – something really good. I no longer felt guilty. Turning away, I stared at the long road winding off ahead of me. I sighed. This trip might take awhile. â€Å"Then start walking, Rose,† I muttered to myself. I set off, off to kill the man I loved. As always, I can never express enough gratitude to the friends and family who hang with me through the ups and downs that go along with writing a book – let alone one as powerful as this. Many thanks to David and Christina for their speedy beta reading; to LA. Gordon and Sherry Kirk for their help with Russian; to Synde Korman for her help with Romanian; to my agent Jim McCarthy who is wise and does all the hard stuff for me; to editors Jessica Rothenberg and Ben Schrank for all of their guidance; to the Team Seattle authors for their distraction and good cheer; and to Jay for being infinitely patient†¦and even making a good joke once in a while.

Employee Empowerment and Motivation Essay

Employee empowerment is â€Å"the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action, and control work and decision making in autonomous ways. It is the state of feeling self-empowered to take control of one’s own destiny† (Heathfield, n.d., 1). In other words, giving the employees the power and ability to make decisions that affect not only their department but the company as a whole as well. Empowerment has become an increasingly used human resources (HR) catchphrase when analyzing the corporate world of today. Empowerment of the employees can increase employee morale, improve company performance, and improve employee relations, however is not an overnight process. All levels of employees, supervisors, and executive management have to work together and be properly prepared in order to make an empowerment program successful. Improving Employee Morale In many corporate organizations, the lower level employees often feel unappreciated and underutilized. Often, employees can feel like just another number, destined to do the same thing day after day with all decisions being made by upper management. When companies adopt an employee empowerment approach, these feelings can be reduced or even eliminated. Allowing, and even mandating employees to have a say in company decisions makes them feel important to the success of the company. Employees want to be heard and they want their opinions to matter. The most effective morale booster is for an employee to see his or her idea become a company policy. When this happens, the employee feels more valued and being recognized as an important contributing part to the company. Improving Company Performance Another benefit of employee empowerment programs is usually a noticeable improvement in company performance. The simple explanation for this fact is that employees who are most familiar with the day-to-day processes have the best hands on knowledge to be able to implement educated changes and improvements to those processes. Often, many members of management and the corporate officers are hired into their jobs based on education and experience with other companies; they often never worked their way up within the current company and have therefore, never experienced the day-to-day processes. Therefore, decisions made by those officers are often solely based on hypothetical situations and projected  profits; they are often so focused on the bigger picture that they overlook the details. However, when the employees performing the job are asked to make decisions, they look at from the bottom and up and take those forgotten details into consideration. Improving Employee Relations When employees are not involved in company decisions, often they operate within their own confined department. Often, the employees take actions without thinking about the repercussions of their actions to other departments; this is done mostly out of lack of communication of what those repercussions might be and not understanding how each process inter-relates. When employees are given the empowerment to make company decisions, it encourages open communication. Once employees know that they are going to be held responsible for their decisions and that those decisions will impact the whole company, they will take the time to work with other departments to investigate how things affect the company as a whole. This serves to not only achieve better decision making but also opens lines of communication and strengthens the company feeling of being more of a family unit. Making Preparations For Employee Empowerment Although employee empowerment seems like a simple concept, it cannot be implemented without preparation. All levels of employees within the company must be prepared and in agreement with the idea in order to make it work. Expectations must be communicated from the top most levels of management down to the base employees and vice versa in order for empowerment to work. Flat OrganizationOne of the first steps in successful employee empowerment programs is the flattening of the organization structure and its organizational chart. When the organization has too many decision makers and not enough line employees, conflict is inevitable and empowerment will not be successful. This change in organization may include the restructure of elimination of jobs to eliminate the dictatorial chain of command and bring all employees closer to the result. This transference of responsibility to the employees allows management to focus on other things such as researching new ideas and processes that are presented by the employees. Employee and Management ResistanceWhenever a company adopts an employee empowerment program, resistance from all levels is expected. Supervisor and Management level employees will often resist empowerment programs because they feel are giving up control that they worked hard to achieve. The human nature to enjoy a feeling of control and empowerment threatens that control. Supervisors and managers must be counseled in advance to make sure that they understand that their input is still crucial and important and that empowerment of their employees will be for the betterment of all parts of the company. One would think that employees would jump at the chance to participate in employee empowerment programs. However, many employees often balk at the opportunity. They often lack the self-confidence to make decisions they know will affect the whole company. Others believe that empowerment is just another word to justify piling more responsibility on the employees. According to Abrahamson (2004) in which he discussed how organizations can go through change overload and how employees can experience change fatigue and burnout. To prevent this, employees must be convinced of the positive effects of employee empowerment. The company must strive to make the employees understand that the program is being implemented because the company values their experience and opinions and truly values their input. EducationOften, both management and employee resistance is caused by the feeling the employees do not have the knowledge needed to make the proper decisions for the company. Education is the key answer to this fear. By educating the employees about the company as a whole and the operations of those outside of their own department, confidence in the employees’ decisions is heightened. Education about the empowerment process in general will also help to quell fears by clearly defining everyone’s role within the company following the changes so that everyone knows what is expected of them and is confident with their future within the company. Conclusion Employee empowerment is an important part of the successful operation of today’s organizations. By allowing the employees to have in an  input in company decisions not only lifts their morale, but more use of their experience and knowledge with day-to-day operations to make better decisions. This allows the company to service their clients better and ensure the continued success of the company within their market. Companies looking to start empowerment programs should take the time to educate employees completely and discuss the program benefits with all employees at all levels. This will help ensure that all employees are committed to the program and to ensure its success. â€Æ'References Abrahamson, E. (2004), Change Without Pain. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Trends-in-Organizational-Change.html. Heathfield, S.M. (n.d.). Human resources: Employee empowerment. Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/a/empowerment_def.htm.

Analysis Of A Big Two Hearted River English Literature Essay

Analysis Of A Big Two Hearted River English Literature Essay A Big Two Hearted River has been seen typically as a short story in which Nick camps out and goes fishing in a very gloomy aspect. There are many interpretations that Hemingway’s short story could be understood as. As the story proceeds, readers get the sense of a distressing mood while Nick travels through a deserted town and eventually finds his campsite. Hemingway uses imagery with the environment he describes and theme in the way he expresses freedom and happiness throughout the story in order to emphasize the idea of being rejuvenated and living content after Nick’s troubled past with war and loss of friends. The image Hemingway gives when the narrator describes a burned down town is a way of describing Nick’s past being gone and giving him a chance to learn from his experiences and start over. Nick then recalls a friend called Hopkins and drinks coffee, Hopkins’s way in remembrance merely to stay content. â€Å"The coffee according to Hopkins. The coffee was bitter. Nick laughed.† (Perkins 1206). Every move Nick makes is in relation to certain guidelines a person would do to stay happy, like remembering happy times and reenact them. Also, coffee is a drink most people drink to start off the day right by not being in an angry mood. Nick wasn’t used to drinking coffee often because he couldn’t remember which way to make it, but as soon as he remembers how Hopkins made it, Nick does not hesitate in getting the coffee ready. All through the story, Hemingway describes the setting well and illustrates every move that Nick makes in detail giving the reader an excellent way to create the image in mind. â€Å"Nick tucked two big chips of pine under the grill. The fire flared up. He had forgotten to get water for the coffee. Out of the pack he got a folding canvas bucket and walked down the hill, across the edge of the meadow, to the stream. The other bank was in the white mist.† (Perkins 1205) Nick has been bothered by the war, which created inner feelings that he is trying to solve.†He watched them holding themselves with their noses into the current, many trout in deep, fast moving water, slightly distorted as he watched far down through the glassy convex surface of the pool, its surface pushing and swelling smooth against the resistance of the log-driven piles of the bridge.† (Perkins 1201) Hemingway used the trout in the river to represent the inner peace that Nick is trying to gain. Nick sees the trout as they are pushing and swelling against the current giving him a sort of optimism that if trout can keep moving on with their life despite of the odds, then he should be able to forget the past and live free. The theme of freedom comes up in the story with Nick as he proceeds with his experienced ways of traveling, camping, and fishing. â€Å"Its direction tends to lead to a revelation of â€Å"truth,† generally in the form of self-discovery or self-realization. †(Rovit) The story goes on without any troubles that prevent him from eating or continuing with his path making it easier for him to feel the freedom he could live with. Memories are the only obstructions that would make his life close to perfection, but like any other human being he distracts his mind keeping himself busy at times and rests whenever he needs to.